For most of the last generation, capital allocation was taught as an exercise in probability. Managers weighted expected returns against a broadly stable cost of capital and chose the portfolio that maximised risk-adjusted value.
Structural volatility breaks that framing. When inflation, currency, and liquidity conditions cycle unpredictably, expected-value arithmetic can obscure more than it reveals. Executives need a richer language of resilience, optionality, and staging.
The best capital allocators of the next decade will not be those with the sharpest forecasts. They will be those with the most disciplined process for allocating capital under conditions where forecasts fail.